19.01.24 LESSON 3 CHAPTER 9
Agreeing and empathising /ˈɛm.pə.θaɪ.zɪŋ/
Express agreement and show empathy
Согласие и сочувствие Выражать согласие и сочувствие
Cultural similarities and differences
In the previous lesson we learned how intergenerational differences (differences between people from different generations), can affect communication. But cultural differences can also be a little hard to navigate(управлять) sometimes. Over the next two lessons we'll hear Aisha and Andrew discussing the similarities and differences between the UK culture and their parents' /ˈpɛrəntsɪz/ cultures.
1. In the first part of this lesson we'll find out(узнаем,разберем) how each of them came to live in the UK,
2. then we'll use the context to understand some of the vocabulary and
3. also explore(исследуем) how they express agreement during the conversation.
Are you ready? Let's go!
Part 1: Andrew and Aisha discuss how they ended up (оказались)living in the UK.-Эндрю и Аиша рассказывают, как они оказались в Великобритании.
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"End" в значении "конец" олицетворяет завершение чего-то или прекращение действия. Однако, когда мы используем фразу "ended up," она выражает не только факт завершения, но и некий итог, результат или место, где что-то закончилось или как-то развивалось. Это добавляет контекст и подразумевает, что произошло что-то неожиданное или непредвиденное, что привело к этому результату."They went on a road trip but ended up in a small, charming town."Они поехали в поездку, но оказались в небольшом, очаровательном городке. В данном контексте, "ended up" подчеркивает неожиданный результат или место, где закончилась их поездка.
Undergraduate:
- Объяснение: Это студент, который получает высшее образование и ещё не получил степень бакалавра.
Degree:
- Объяснение: Это высшая квалификация, получаемая в результате завершения университетской программы. В данном случае, это бакалаврская степень.
Imperial:
- Объяснение: В данном контексте, вероятно, относится к университету или колледжу. "Imperial" часто используется в названиях учебных заведений, например, Imperial College London.
- "PhD" расшифровывается как "Doctor of Philosophy" (доктор философии) на английском языке. Тем не менее, в ряде стран и учебных систем "PhD" может быть присвоен в различных областях знаний, не ограничиваясь только философией. Это высшая учёная степень, которую обычно присваивают после успешного завершения докторантуры и защиты диссертации.
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Listening tip
You might hear some unfamiliar expressions in the conversation, but this shouldn't stop you from being able to answer the questions and understand the meaning of conversation as a whole, so don't be discouraged!
Make a note of anything you didn't understand - we'll take a closer look at vocabulary later.
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Aisha has been living in the UK for the last 5 years. -False-She returned to Pakistan to do a Master's degree, before recently returning to the UK for her PhD. Aisha ended up choosing to do her PhD in London over her university in Pakistan because...she was offered funding to study there and Imperial College had a better reputation.
What other advantage(s) of studying her PhD in London does Andrew point out to Aisha?
She'll get to experience another culture and a greater sense of independence from her family. What word does Andrew use to mean "in addition" in this sentence? ,plus, Andrew identifies less with Chinese culture than his parents.-He says "I feel way more British than Chinese", even though they do "observe a lot of Chinese traditions at home"-"соблюдать много китайских традиций дома"
Great start! You've just listened to Aisha and Andrew explaining how they originally came to live in the UK. In the second part of the lesson we'll use the context of the conversation to understand the meaning of unfamiliar vocabulary.
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Aisha has been living in the UK for the last 5 years.-false-She returned to Pakistan to do a Master's degree, before recently returning to the UK for her PhD.Она вернулась в Пакистан, чтобы получить степень магистра, а недавно вернулась в Великобританию для получения докторской степени.
Listening skills: using context to understand unfamiliar expressions. In listening lessons we often teach you vocabulary to help you understand the conversation or monologue, but, sadly, this isn't how listening works in real life! Real people don't present you with a list of all the words you might not know every time they're about to speak. For this reason, it's important that we practise using contextual clues to help us guess the meaning of unknown words. Let's listen to part 1 of the dialogue again and focus on some expressions and phrasal verbs that you may not have met before..
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Расшифровка слушания
Part 1: Andrew and Aisha discuss how they ended up living in the UK.
Andrew: How long have you been living in the UK Aisha?
Aisha: So, in total I've been living in the UK for about 4 years so far, but not continuously(не постоянно). I first came 5 years ago to do my undergraduate degree here at Imperial. It was amazing, I really had a blast(взрыв), but honestly the cost of living in London was far more expensive than I'd realised.
To save money, I ended up(попала,оказалась,закончила) doing my Master's back in Pakistan. I suppose (я думаю)I also wanted to compare the experience of studying at home with studying abroad so that(так что) I could decide on(определиться, решить) where to do my PhD. In the end I got offered a full PhD scholarship from Imperial, so it seemed like a no-brainer(показалось, что это не так сложно) - I couldn't pass up an opportunity like that!
The other universities that offered me a place were nowhere near as prestigious as Imperial, so it was bound(обязан) to open up way more doors for me later in my career...Другие университеты, предлагавшие мне место, не были так престижны, как Империал, так что это должно было открыть для меня гораздо больше возможностей позже в моей карьере..
Andrew: Definitely, plus, living in London you’d get to combine study with living abroad in a different culture.К тому же, живя в Лондоне, ты сможешь совмещать учебу с проживанием за границей в другой культуре. You must’ve also been happy to take a break from your parents too, after you said how much they interfered(вмешивались) with your life...
Aisha: Exactly! Like I said: it was a no-brainer to come back to London, but there are definitely some cultural differences that I had to wrap my mind around...Именно! Как я уже сказал, вернуться в Лондон было несложно, но, безусловно, существуют некоторые культурные различия, которые мне пришлось учитывать......пытаться понять(фразеологизм)
Andrew: I can imagine. Moving to a new country as an adult must be pretty different to doing it as a child. I was born in China, but my parents moved here when I was a baby. I've spent most of my life here so I feel way more British than Chinese. We do observe a lot of Chinese traditions at home, but I think my parents wanted me to integrate with other kids at school and feel at home here.
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The expression "to have a blast" means "to have a bad time".false-When Aisha says "I had a blast", she means that she had a very enjoyable experience.
Фраза "it was bound" может быть контекстозависимой и иметь различные значения в зависимости от контекста. Без дополнительной информации трудно точно определить, что именно подразумевается этим выражением. Обычно "bound" может означать обязательство, предопределение или направленность в каком-то определенном направлении. В данном контексте фраза "so it was bound to open up way more doors for me later in my career" означает, что определенное действие или решение, вероятно, приведет к большему количеству возможностей в будущей карьере. "Bound" в данном случае подчеркивает неизбежность или естественную тенденцию этого явления. То есть, принимаемое решение создает благоприятные условия для открытия новых возможностей в долгосрочной перспективе.
To wrap your head(mind) around something -понять Sometimes we might hear someone say "wrap your head around something" instead of "mind". There's no difference in meaning, it's often just down to someone's personal preference.
to wrap your head around something-I just can't wrap my head around these figures - can you help me please?Complete the sentence with three words so that it means "understand".-I can't wrap my head around his behaviour.
Match the phrases with their meanings.
Phrasal verbs
There are a few phrasal verbs in the conversation which are useful for talking about making choices, decisions and the impact that these will have on your future.
Can you guess their meanings from the context?
Aisha is referring to "doors" in a literal sense (the entrance to a room or house). false- In this context, she is talking about metaphorical "doors". The "doors" here are a metaphor for "opportunities".
to open up doors-My mom used to say that working for a big organisation can open up more doors for you than working for a smaller one.
Excellent!
Using context to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words is a key skill to master, especially at higher levels where you may encounter(cтолкнуться) less frequently used vocabulary and idiomatic language in natural conversations.Использование контекста для угадывания значения незнакомых слов является ключевым навыком для овладения, особенно на более высоких уровнях, где вы можете столкнуться с менее часто используемым словарным запасом и идиоматическим языком в естественных разговорах.
In the final part of the lesson, we're going to look at some expressions that Aisha and Andrew use to express agreement and show empathy.-выражать согласие и сочувствие.
Expressing agreement
What phrases do you personally use when you want to show you agree with someone? Perhaps you use expressions like "I agree" or "You're right", but there are plenty of other ways to express agreement which are more natural.
During the conversation Aisha and Andrew use a few different phrases to express agreement. Let's see how they do this...
Expressing complete agreement
Instead of saying "I completely agree" or "I couldn't agree more" to show that we agree with someone completely, we can use smaller and shorter phrases such to express the same idea...
"The other universities that offered me a place were nowhere near as prestigious as Imperial, so it was bound to open up way more doors for me later in my career..."
"Definitely, (безусловно) plus, living in London you’d get to combine study with living abroad in a different culture."
"You must’ve also been happy to take a break from your parents too, after you said how much they interfered(вмешивались) with your life..." "The other universities that offered me a place were nowhere near as prestigious as Imperial, so it was bound to open up way more doors for me later in my career..."
"Exactly!(именно) Like I said: it was a no-brainer to come back to London..."
I sometimes find it hard to understand my grandparents outlook on life. "You must’ve also been happy to take a break from your parents too, after you said how much they interfered with your life..."
Absolutely! (конечно, точно )Sometimes I wonder if we even live on the same planet! I sometimes find it hard to understand my grandparents outlook on life.
It's important to talk to people from other generations... Absolutely, we may have different opinions but it's important to respect each other's experiences.
Respond to the speaker to show that you agree with this statement completely: I'm not even sure that it's worth(стоит) going to university nowadays. Many people have shown you can be successful without an expensive degree-Ответьте оратору, чтобы показать, что вы полностью согласны с этим заявлением: Я даже не уверен, что это стоит того, чтобы поступать в университет в настоящее время. Многие люди показали, что вы можете быть успешным без дорогостоящей степени/
- Exactly! My sister never went to university, but I did. She worked hard and I'd argue(я бы поспорил) she's enjoyed far more career success than I have!-Именно! Моя сестра никогда не училась в университете, но я училась. Она усердно работала, и я бы сказала, что она наслаждалась гораздо большим успехом в карьере, чем я!
- Type one word to show you completely agree with this statement: "Learning new skills can really help open up doors in life."
Absolutely|Definitely|Exactly, everything changes so fast. There's so much new information to wrap your head around...if we don't keep learning we may miss out on opportunities!
Showing empathy
In the final part of the conversation Andrew uses a phrase to show that he understands Aisha's point of view about the cultural differences between the UK and Pakistan.
In this situation, he doesn't use a phrase which indicates strong agreement like the ones we've seen in the lesson so far, because he may not have not experienced exactly the same differences as Aisha. Plus, he came to UK under different circumstances: he was a small child and not an adult, and Chinese culture may also be quite different to Pakistani culture.
Listen to what he says to show empathy for her experience and point of view.How does Andrew reply when Aisha says: "...there are definitely some cultural differences that I had to wrap my head around..."-что мне нужно было подумать..."--
I can imagine.( я могу представить) Moving to a new country as an adult must be pretty different to doing it as a child.
The second speaker says "I can imagine", which suggests they have not lived in Rome themselves.
You really enjoy your work. A friend calls you and explains that his boss is making his job very difficult. What can you say to show that you have empathy for their situation?-
Sorry, I can imagine that must be extremely hard for you .
Match the phrases with their function.
Definitely!I can imagine!expressing strong agreementshowing empathy
Excellent job!
We hope you had a blast listening to Aisha and Andrew's experience and that you were able to wrap your head around all the new vocabulary in their conversation.
In the next lesson they'll continue their conversation in the lab and we'll learn what they really think about British culture and how it compares with Pakistani and Chinese culture!
See you next time!
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